Neurological conditions: Some speech disorders are caused by damage or dysfunction of the brain or nervous system, such as: stroke, traumatic brain injury, or developmental or metabolic disorders (such as autism).
Physical abnormalities: Some speech disorders can be caused by physical abnormalities of the speech apparatus, such as: cleft palate, vocal cord nodules, large tongue, or irregularities in the interjaw ratio (orthodontic anomalies), and more.
Hearing loss: Individuals with hearing loss may have difficulty producing speech sounds correctly because they have difficulty hearing and distinguishing between speech sounds.
Cognitive impairment: Some speech disorders can be caused by cognitive or intellectual impairments, such as dementia or developmental disabilities.
Psychological or emotional factors: Some speech disorders can be caused by psychological or emotional factors, such as anxiety or a history of emotional abuse.
Genetics: Some speech disorders can be inherited or caused by genetic factors. Environmental factors: Some speech disorders can be caused by the living environment. Environmental factors are numerous, and some of them are excessive exposure to toxins or lack of exposure to the mother tongue during critical periods of development.